Archive for February 2007

Bomb Kills U.S. Soldier, S. Korean Soldier in Afghanistan

Still not many confirmed details yet, but it was a suicide bomber at Bagram, and he was trying to get Dick Cheney:

There were conflicting reports on the death toll. Provincial Gov. Abdul Jabar Taqwa said 20 people were killed, but NATO said initial reports indicated only three were killed, including a U.S. soldier, a South Korean coalition soldier and a U.S. government contractor whose nationality wasn’t immediately known. NATO said 27 people were also wounded….

Associated Press reporters at the scene said they had seen at least eight dead bodies carried in black body bags and wooden coffins from the base area and into the market area, where hundreds of Afghans had gathered to mourn.  [AP]

And me, not even knowing there were South Koreans in Afghanistan:

The JCS identified [the soldier] as 27-year-old Army Sgt. Yoon Jang-ho, who was on duty around a gate of a military base in Bagram, about 60 kilometers north of Kabul, when a suicide bomber attacked. The bomber was believed to have been targeting U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney, who had spent the night at the base, the JCS said.  [Yonhap]

May God comfort their families.

The Death of an Alliance, Part 65: Beyond Dependency, Toward Reunification

[Update:  In the course of a whiney tirade about how America “betrayed” South Korea, Kim Dae Joong also calls for a national conversation about South Korea becoming more self-sufficient in its own defense.  I’d suggest to Mr. Kim that it’s a wee bit early to declare South Korea fully abandoned by America while we still have 29,000 of our people there.  Kim also admits that the (elected) South Korean government got the deal it wanted, and in light of its own behavior toward the United States, South Korean cries of betrayal seem uniquely unfounded (ht to the Nomad).  Generally, however, I agree that Korea needs to have this conversation, this year. 

Original Post:  I begin this post with a object lesson in headline deconstruction.  Start with this …

U.S. Says No More Troop Reductions after 2008

… then proceed to this less-than-definitive textual basis for that bold call …

In a press briefing on the results of ministerial bilateral defense talks held on Friday, U.S. Defense Department spokesman Maj. David Smith said that the number of U.S. troops in Korea will be cut from the current 28,000 to 25,000 by 2008 in line with the third phase of reduction plans. But further reductions are not in the foreseeable future, he said.

A Major in the Pentagon is the equivalent of a Specialist at Fort Hood.  The term “no plans at this time” is Pentagonese for “I’m a Major and the Secretary of Defense has not authorized me to set deployment schedules on behalf of the next President of the United States.”  From there, we end up with a statement that, while speculative, sounds much more candid:

Larry Niksch, a specialist in Asian affairs at the U.S. Congressional Research Service, said recently that it is only a matter of time before the U.S. withdraws all its ground forces from Korea by moving the single remaining brigade to another region. Of two brigades under the second U.S. infantry division, one was already relocated to Iraq, he said. Niksh predicted that the U.S. will considerably strengthen its air forces in Korea and indirectly support Korea’s naval forces from its naval bases in Japan.

Meaning, the truth is most likely to be the exact opposite of the what the headline actually says.  Indeed, the Pentagon intends to reduce the level of U.S. ground forces with which it would reinforce the ROK in wartime.

The U.S. military has recently notified South Korean military authorities that it plans to cut back wartime reinforcements specified in a strategic master plan by the two allies, sources said Monday.

Military sources said Korea-U.S. Combined Forces Command and Korea’s Joint Chiefs of Staff are revising and supplementing the strategy known as OPLAN 5027, and in the process the U.S. told Korea of “plans to reduce the scale” of reinforcements. A South Korean officer declined to say how big the cutbacks will be but added they were “not very big.”

….

Some predict that the U.S. cutbacks will be drastic: the legally binding force of the master plan concerning U.S. reinforcements is weak enough. If the joint command ceases exist, it will be even weaker.

There is mixed news there.  Plenty of us had assumed for a long time that 690,000 troops was an unrealistic level.  There is also a significant doctrinal change embedded in this reduction:  fewer U.S. forces, perhaps none, would be available to invade North Korea and overthrow its regime in the event of war.  I admit to some mixed feelings about this.  Conventional theory is that a North Korean invasion must mean the end of its regime for maximum deterrent effect.  Considering how bloody an invasion of the North could be, however, it’s no longer a given that we’d have the political will to join that fight, or finish it.  I believe in getting rid of the North Korean regime, but I don’t believe that invading North Korea is the best way to accomplish that, not even if the North invades first.  Invasion is certainly not the only way to deter an invasion, and probably isn’t the best way.  In fact, a U.S. invasion could actually rally North Koreans around the banner of nationalism, a sentiment whose appeal in Korea is hard to overstate. 

I also believe that any invasion or occupation of North Korea should have, as GI Korea has described it to me, ”a Korean face.”  South Korea will have to find the manpower for that, which won’t be easy if this RAND study is to be believed.  That militates in favor of us doing what we failed to do in Iraq – take full advantage of local support. Â That begins with a decision to do what the North never quit trying to do in the South:  sow dissent, undermine the regime’s control, and prepare the battlefield with psyops, which will not be as effective if we wait for actual hostilities.  Next, we should be training, equipping, and organizing a Reuinification Corps of North Korean defectors whose job would be to help reestablish order and basic services during any occupation of the North. 

Let’s hope that in time, necessity will force Korea to be all it can be.  My hope for Korea is that independent defense planning will lead to self-sufficiency, which will build national self-confidence, break the cycle of unhealthy dependency, and dispense with the luxuries of statecraft without responsibility and emotion as the primary engine of national policy.  Let’s hope that instead of complaining about which foreign powers have failed to deliver unification, South Korea will set about planning the most painless way to regain its own undivided nationhood.  And with that discussion will come hard questions about just how Korea will find the manpower to protect the South and simultaneously restore order from the chaos of the North.

That is where the rebuilding of the alliance can begin.

Chronology of a Capitulation: Why Nothing Will Be Solved in 60 Days

Kyodo News has a very distressing report about just what the United States came to Beijing prepared to give up, and give up almost immediately:

North Korea’s abandonment of nuclear weapons was stated in a first draft of an agreement document for the six-party talks held earlier this month, but was dropped in a second draft drawn up by the United States after the North Korean side rejected it, negotiation sources said Sunday.

Given that North Korea giving up nuclear development with highly enriched uranium was also reportedly removed from the document, experts said the focus of the six-party talks has apparently shifted from denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula to nonproliferation of nuclear materials led by those based on plutonium.

Replacing language that is clear with language that is vague can only be read one way by the North Koreans:  as a license.  Read more

Will a Junta Replace Kim Jong Il?

               succession-2.jpg  succession-3.jpg  succession-1.jpg

[Update:  The Scotsman says that Kim Jong Il is already putting the system through a dry run.]

The bad news is that so far, this development is scheduled to take place after Kim Jong Il’s natural death. 

North Korean leader Kim Jong-il might consider a “collective” leadership system after he leaves office, a move away from the long-anticipated father-to-son power transfer, diplomatic sources said Sunday.

According to the sources, Kim did designate his eldest son Jong-nam as heir apparent in the past, but changed his mind a few years ago to introduce the group-based leadership.  [Yonhap]

As for Kim Jong Nam, if you believe Yonhap’s sources anyway, the disinterest in his succession is mutual.  If there was any real chance of him taking the throne after that whole Disneyland fiasco, I’d have to say that the recent exposure of his less-than-monastic lifestyle in Macau was probably his ”study hard or you’ll get stuck in Iraq” moment.  You could pretty obviously feed an entire North Korean village for a year with what this guy downs for dim sum.  It would be an act of subversion to build a statue of him, despite the fact that they’re already available in quantity.  And who would give up the life he’s living for the bleakness of Pyongyang?

Anyway, this report sounds plausible.  After all, what are the alternatives?  Second son Kim Jong Chol was reported as having been sidelined a year ago.  Various reports say Kim Jong Il disfavors Jong Chol because he ”acts like a girl,” a function of the fact that he ”secrete[s] an excessive amount of female hormones.”  Not that there’s anything wrong with that.  (OFK dossier here; Richardson has a more “authentic” photo here, although I am still having too much fun using this one.)

After that, the youngest son, Kim Jong-Un, about whom very little is known, is reported to be at least quasi-evil, but passing over two older sons would be a serious breach of Confucian tradition for a regime that rules like very much like a traditional Asian dynasty.  The generals, on the other hand, have been through Darwin’s crucible.  Could any of Kim Jong Il’s spoiled punk kids have a chance of winning a power struggle against the battle-hardened veterans of this much infighting, brinksmanship, plotting, famines, and bouts of delerium tremens?  I report, you decide.

See also Richardson’s post.

Border Guards Update

North Korean authorities have now caught ten of the twenty who defected at Hoeryong recently.  The article has more on the control measures the authorities are taking to reestablish control.

Previous posts: 

Conditions Worsen in Pyongyang

[Update:  The Daily NK also has an interesting new Pyongyang photo gallery from a Russian visitor with a real talent for furtive photography.  I'm not sure how new this is; some of the pics look vaguely familiar.] 

The Emerald City, where only the privileged live and where food has always been relatively plentiful, is losing is hue:

“Nowadays, it is even hard for people in Pyongyang to live. Although rations are given, it is not enough to live on.

Lee informed “Compared to the country, rules and regulations are even stricter in Pyongyang to the point all men must go to work. Alternatively, the majority of housewives utilize the markets and trains to travel to the rural districts selling goods.

“Even the people in Pyongyang must engage in trade, otherwise they have nothing to eat but rice porridge. While the elite are living lives more privileged than the times of the “˜march of suffering,’ the common worker in Pyongyang is indifferent to the citizens in the country” he said.  [Daily NK]

Elsewhere, the article notes that families are cooking and heating their homes, including apartments, by burning coal in them, which strikes me as a very dangerous thing to do.

Broadcasting Update

Freedom House is giving Young Howard’s Open Radio for North Korea $25,000.  But it’s not really the amount of money that’s interesting; it’s how it will be spent:

The money is to support radio programs for families separated by the Korean War. The station said it was the first monetary support from Freedom House for a Korean NGO.

ORNK vowed to boost their programming for separated families. Members of such families can send their stories by phone (0505-470-7470) or e-mail (nkradio@naver.com ), and they will be broadcasted to their families in North Korea. The station opened in December 2005 broadcasts on shortwave on 7390kHz from 11 p.m. to midnight every day. Ten weeks from next Monday will be devoted to programs for separated families.  [Chosun Ilbo]

I suspect this will generate a great deal of curiosity among some North Koreans, and because I know how smart Young Howard is, I think he’ll find a way to let the family members in the South talk about how their standards of living.

U.S., ROK Ministers Agree on OPCON Date

[Update:  But we're demanding benchmarks!  Gates apparently shares my fears and has demanded ROK assurances that the date won't slide yet again.  He's also demanding "tangible moves," such as "establishing a military command that would take charge of troop control, and an earlier start to drawing up new military strategies once Combined Forces Command is dismantled."  Those sure do sound a lot like "benchmarks," although that term was understandably avoided. Â I think the value of a promise made to Robert Gates will diminish pretty steadily between now and January 2009.]

[Update 2:  The Korean Retired Generals' and Admirals' Assocation hates it.  They think it's too soon.]

The date is April 17, 2012, which is further out than what we’d been discussing recently. 

After noting that the two sides agreed to the future command relationship structure at the October 2006 Security Consultative Meeting (SCM), Secretary Gates and Minister Kim agreed that the two sides will disestablish the current ROK-U.S. Combined Forces Command on April 17, 2012 and complete the transition to the new supporting-supported command relationship between U.S. and ROK forces at the same time. In this regard, Secretary Gates and Minister Kim further agreed that implementation of the OPCON transition “Road Map” will commence in July 2007 immediately following agreement on the “Road map” and culminate in a Certification Exercise in March 2012.  [link to joint statement]

This will allow the Koreans plenty of time to come back to the new Defense Secretary in March 2009 and announce an urgent need to renegotiate the schedule again, pushing the date back to 2015, and beyond.  As much as this looks like another unwelcome cave-in, I’m personally less concerned about OPCON than I am about moving our forces out, and to the South, in that order.  The news there isn’t all bad:

Secretary Gates and Minister Kim reiterated commitments to work closely to accelerate the relocation of USFK units and facilities and the full implementation of both the Yongsan Relocation Plan and the Land Partnership Plan.

I expect the Koreans to drag their feet on this, too.  Both Koreas want to keep a lot of warm American targets within North Korean artillery range. Â The Korean government always pushes hardest where it sees a soft spot.

The Administration’s North Korea Strategy: Pop Smoke

[Update:  A friend just sent me John O'Sullivan's must-read criticism of the deal on National Review Online (thanks!), and it's an absolute direct hit. Â O'Sullivan actually attributed Bush's new policy to Jimmy Carter (ouch!).  Safe to say, conservatives pretty much all want this deal euthanized. Â I could swear I'd seen the Kipling reference before somewhere.]

[Update 2:  More "Barrel of a Gun" spin from Pyongyang: 

In another sense, North Korean authorities seem to be trying to re-integrate the disparity of feelings between the people on the outcome of foreign affairs. Hence, the reason to advocate that the nuclear experiment had ensured economic gain.

We can confirm these premises by observing reports by governmental broadcasting agencies such as the (North Korean) Central News Agency who are extracting phrases such as "freezing nukes" for "temporary suspension of nuclear facilities" and placing greater emphasis on economic aid such as a million tons of fuel and energy support rather than the true reality. [Daily NK] ]

Original Post:  How many of you have looked at where the North Korean nuclear situation is heading and been as struck as I am by how closely life sometimes imitates parody

kji-team-america.bmp

There’s no longer much question that the North Koreans view the Beijing pact as a temporary freeze of their plutonium program that will let them keep their bombs, their uranium program, and of course, their chem, their bio, their missiles, and the horrors of Camp 22, which North Korea dares not open for inspection.  Richard Halloran and Richardson do an excellent job of cataloguing North Korea’s statements that clarify just what this agreement means to them.  Do read every word of Richardson’s post; here’s a quote from Halloran’s piece:

On that same day, however, the North Koreans, through their official Korean Central News Agency (KCNA), said Pyongyang had agreed only to a “temporary suspension of the operation of its nuclear facilities.” Further, North Korea ignored most of the other provisions of the agreement, such as denuclearizing the Korean peninsula.  [....] Read more

Richardson on David Albright: Put Me Down for “C”

Update:  Albright has published his views here in slightly more detail, and I’m even less persuaded than I was before.  Albright completely mischaracterizes the HEU evidence by ingoring evidence he can’t refute (North Korea’s admissions, Musharraf’s admissions, Libya) and arguing as if all of our evidence consisted of a receipt for aluminum tubes we’d found in A.Q. Khan’s lint filter. Â The key point about aluminum tubes is that they’re used to make gas centrifuges to enrich uranium.  I’ve never seen anyone but Albright mention aluminum tubes in discussing the HEU case against North Korea, and in light of Khan’s admissions that he sent ”nuclear hardware” to North Korea — possibly to include complete centrifuges, tubes and all – I don’t know why anyone would need to. 

So why does Albright argue against this straw man?  Pretty obviously, he’s trying to shoehorn his argument into the Iraq slipper.  In the end, Albright almost concedes that North Korea has an eensy little uranium program, though North Korea denies even this.  And as Don Kirk notes, Albright really doesn’t have much personal knowledge of North Korea’s nuclear programs, although he probably speaks with some authority on their sitting rooms and teacups.  In the end he asks no question that North Korea couldn’t have answered by showing some transparency.  That transparency ought to start with a closer look at this location (which, regrettably, is outside Google Earth’s high resolution coverage).

Original Post:  In about seven weeks, we’ll know whether North Korean mendacity about its highly enriched uranium (HEU) program will abort the greatest tyrant’s ransom since 1938.  Already, some are trying to lay the groundwork for exactly that, regardless of what North Korea chooses to reveal.  I’ve been e-mailing my confederate blogger Richardson today to ask when I could expect his complete, verifiable, and irreversible dismantlement of David Albright (bio), who plays ventriloquist to Carol Giacomo of Reuters in this one-source reportorial. Â Richardson does not disappoint.  Unlike me, he has the patience to methodically lay out the trail of North Korean, Pakistani, and Libyan admissions about North Korean uranium, and all that has corroborated those admissions, though North Korea now denies making them.  To this, I add just a few points of fact, followed by the usual screedy argument that keeps you coming back here by the … dozens. 

First, the fact that we recovered North Korean uranium hexafluoride in Libya does seem significant.  Albright’s story – sorry, Giacomo’s story – never mentions this. Â Second, as Richardson notes, pretty much all of the hawks and even most of the doves (Selig Harrison) agree that North Korea has an HEU program.  [Correction: Selig Harrison's view, at least as articulated here, is that North Korea could have (and most likely?) had a low enriched uranium program for the generation of electricity, not an HEU program. Harrison thinks the evidence of an HEU program was cooked up by the Bush administration to blow up the first Agreed Framework.]  I’ll add another name:  Jack Pritchard.  He should know.  He was there to hear the North Koreans admit it:

One of the specialists who visited North Korea last week, former State Department official Charles L. Pritchard, was part of the U.S. delegation that reported hearing the North Korean admission. U.S. officials said they had three translators at the 2002 session and have no doubt the North Koreans confirmed the program.

One official present at the 2002 meeting said Pritchard and Assistant Secretary of State James A. Kelly began passing notes as Kang Suk Ju, North Korea’s first vice foreign minister, “looking flushed and defiant,” began a 50-minute monologue reacting to the U.S. declaration that it knew North Korea had an enrichment program. As the translation progressed, Pritchard and Kelly each passed notes, asking, “Is he saying what we think he’s saying?” A half minute later, they passed notes again, in effect saying, “Never mind — it’s clear.”

North Korea’s admission was made in the context of other distinct facts discussed during a lengthy and detailed conversation in the presence of three translators. Â Yet too many press reports, including Giacomo’s, still imply that the evidence for North Korea’s HEU program consists of one (mis?)translated blurt from a cranky apparatchik who might have been hung over or senile.  The sum of the HEU evidence is too compelling, and too important to our nation’s security, to distort through the Michael Moore lens Giacomo reveals in her very first sentences: Â 

The United States should reexamine a questionable charge that North Korea has a covert uranium enrichment program, a key American complaint against Pyongyang that could complicate the new nuclear weapons deal, experts said on Wednesday.

The total number of Giacomo’s “experts” questioning this charge turns out to be … one.  This one “experts,” Albright, holds a fringe view shared by no one else who has had access to the CIA’s intelligence about North Korea.

Physicist David Albright, who recently visited the isolated communist state, likened the enrichment program charge to the “fiasco” of flawed U.S. intelligence that mistakenly concluded Iraq had a secret nuclear weapons program in the runup to war.

Sensing a dangerous imbalance between Albright’s swollen left brain and his shriveled right, I’m off to the handy online guide to logical fallacies, which tells us that what we have here is an ”argument from the negative:” Â The CIA got a lot of things wrong in Iraq, and therefore everything the CIA says about North Korea must also be wrong. Â Giacomo’s piece is off to an unbalanced, misleading, illogical, start with this gratuitous reference.  In fact, this has been something of a pattern this week.

I’ll freely concede that Iraq proved that intelligence is an inexact science — a revelation to some, I suppose – if you’ll grant that the risk from underestimating threats is potentially much greater than the risk from overestimating them.  Maybe in the candyland universe where Kims, Khans, and Khaddafies file timely and accurate responses to Justice Blix’s subpeonas, intelligence consumers can demand conclusive proof beyond a reasonable doubt.  In the meantime, we know what we know, and those who create doubts aren’t entitled to their benefit.  If every responsible citizen and public servant is now obliged to believe the reclusive tyrant over the alarming conclusions of our own intelligence agencies, why even bother spending the money to have intelligence agencies at all?