Chosun Ilbo: Protests in NK Over Food, Electricity

North Korea is to political disgruntlement what tar sands are to energy — enough to supply the whole world for decades, if only someone could figure out a way to harness it:

Small pockets of unrest are appearing in North Korea as the repressive regime staggers under international sanctions and the fallout from a botched currency reform, sources say. On Feb. 14, two days before leader Kim Jong-il’s birthday, scores of people in Jongju, Yongchon and Sonchon in North Pyongan Province caused a commotion, shouting, “Give us fire [electricity] and rice!”

A North Korean source said people fashioned makeshift megaphones out of newspapers and shouted, “We can’t live! Give us fire! Give us rice!” “At first, there were only one or two people, but as time went by more and more came out of their houses and joined in the shouting,” the source added. [Chosun Ilbo]

Do you suppose this could have been contained to “small pockets of unrest” if the North Korean people had Twitter, or cell phones? Not even the grand old North Korean tradition of ratting out your neighbors is sacred anymore:

The State Security Department investigated this incident but failed to identify the people who started the commotion when they met with a wall of silence. “When such an incident took place in the past, people used to report their neighbors to the security forces, but now they’re covering for each other,” the source said.

The commotion started because the North Korean regime had diverted sparse electricity from the Jongju and Yongchon area to Pyongyang to light up the night there to mark Kim’s birthday on Feb. 16.

See my masthead for further information on that.

Now, take every report like this with a few grains of salt. We don’t know who that “North Korean source” is, or how many of those “pockets of unrest” he’s seen for himself. Still, this report is consistent with other things we’ve heard from North Korea recently, as you’ll confirm by clicking the “resistance” category link above. And while North Korea seems to produce a record harvest of misery and deprivation every year around this time, the situation is more unstable this year, when the regime is also having difficulty feeding the people is actually wants to feed: soldiers, residents of Pyongyang, and the elite.

Interestingly, “a North Korean defector” quoted by the Chosun also notes that Yongchon, a/k/a Ryongchon, “has long been a headache to the regime due to the spirit of defiance of the people there.” Impossible! Ryongchon is the place where, according to the impeccable Korean Central News Agency, residents “struggled heroically in the last moments of their lives to save portraits” of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il in the immediate aftermath of the 2004 explosion.

13 Responses

  1. Question: one protest, three towns? The Korean article is clear that “a few tens” of people protested at the same time in three places. So either what we have is an outright lie, a terribly written article, or (the less likely of the three, though also much the more mouth-watering), people were communicating between towns and what you are looking at is the first cross-community, semi-organized protest in North Korean history.

  2. The Chosun Ilbo also reports “several hundred” protesters in Sineuiju:

    중동발(發) 반정부 시위가 중국에도 영향을 미치는 가운데 북•중 접경도시인 평북 신의주에서 지난 18일쯤 주민 수백 명과 북한 당국이 충돌하는 사태가 발생했던 것으로 23일 알려졌다.

    As anti-government demonstrations that originated in the Middle East have reached China, in the North-Korean-Chinese border city of Sineuiju, North Pyeongan Province several hundred citizens clashed with North Korean authorities around the 18th [of February], it was reported on the 23rd.

    However, the Unification Ministry denies reports of “mass demonstrations” (집단시위), telling reporters that there are “no confirmed cases.” While the MoU confirmed that “small-scale” protests had taken place since the currency “reform,” they have been unable to pick up signs of people expressing their grievances through mass demonstrations.

  3. According to the same Chosun article I posted above:

    일부 매체는 ì „ë‚  북한 내부소식통을 인용, 14일 평안북도 정주.용천.선천 등에서 주민 수십 명이 “불(전기)ê³¼ 쌀을 달라”ê³  외치는 소동을 벌였으며, 18일 신의주에서는 시장을 단속하던 보안원이 í•œ 상인을 때려 혼수상태에 빠뜨렸고 이에 가족과 주변 상인들이 항의하면서 수백 명 규모의 시위로 번졌다고 보도했다.

    Some media outlets, citing an internal North Korean source, reported that several tens of citizens in Cheongju, Yeongcheon, Seoncheon, and other places in North Pyeongan Province created a disturbance on the 14th by shouting “Give us fire (electricity) and rice.” In a Sineuiju on the 18th, a police officer (보안원) on patrol in a market beat up a trader, putting him into a coma. His family and traders from the area began a protest which erupted into a large scale protest of several hundred people.

    The article claims that once authorities got word of the event, the miltiary was quickly dispatched and violently put the protest down, killing around 4 to 5 people.

    Perhaps this guy is North Korea’s Mohamed Bouazizi? I wonder if there will be mourning-cycle protests…

  4. Question: one protest, three towns?

    Indeed I share your skepticism of this story and others. As a general rule of thumb, I am skeptical of all single-sourced articles originating from within North Korea. Given the events in the Middle East, part of me wonders if this is not just wishful thinking on the part of reform-minded North Koreans and collaborating journalists.

    That said, I don’t doubt for a minute that—with the worsening food situation, the broken economy, the currency “reform,” and growing awareness of the prosperity of the outside world—North Korea is ripe for a popular uprising. North Korea is very much in the prodromal phase of revolution (that doesn’t mean it will happen though. It could be argued that such a state has existed in the North for the past two decades).

    I also want to point that it’s very possible and plausible for there to be a multi-city uprising almost simultaneously—even with the absence of social media, communication devices, or even any prior organization. A case in point is what happened in Tunisia. When Mohamed Bouazizi self-immolated in Sidi Bouzid on the 17th of December, protests erupted not just in that town but in neighboring towns and villages as well. This was all spontaneous and occurred without Facebook or Twitter or cell phones or any kind of planning.

    It was fortuitous that Bouazizi picked a market day to carry out his protest. Traders from outlying areas were in town to sell their goods and when residents of Sidi Bouzid took to the streets in anger, the traders going home for the day took the news back to their villages and spread the word generating more anger and protests. So, it is imaginable that something similar could have happened in these towns and villages.

  5. “few tens of protesters in three cities” probably came from the English editor getting lazy with rewriting the output from Google Translate. “Few Tens” is what we say in Korean for the equivalent of “a few dozen.” We were using metric since before the metric system!

    If a real person properly translated the article it would say something like:

    There were small demonstrations in the towns of Cheongju, Yeongcheon, Seoncheon and a few other places in North Pyeongan Province. In each of the demonstrations, a few dozen people would shout “Give us electricity and rice!”. . ..

  6. Imagine only 10 years ago in 2001, the FEW elite of Pyongyang begun question the regime. 10 years later and after an influx of North Koreans fleeing to South Korea, the entire World knows that South Korea needs to destroy North Korea, and reclaim Pyongyang and the entire Korean Peninsula. Even Russia is ready for Seoul to reclaim it’s birthriight of the entire Korean Peninsula.

  7. Beijing will be smart, it will stop overvaluing the Yuan. China knows that Moscow has had a blood-bond with the U.S. for about 70 years now. The Cold war was just a red Herring after the Soviet Union-American alliance of WWII. Allianced Nations became enemies. One twin succeeded and allowed the defeated to live and prosper. If the other had won, the whole world would be in a perpetual state of 1984, not just North Korea.

    Thank God the Lesser of two evils won.

  8. The South Korean government has confirmed widespread NK unrest, and that soliders are invovled. The Hankguk Ilbo, quoting a high-ranking government official, notes:

    최근 북한에서 식량난과 전력난 등으로 인해 주민들과 일부 군인들의 소요나 저항이 거의 매일 일어날 정도로 생계형 시위가 급증하고 있는 것으로 24일 알려졌다.

    그러나 북한의 생계형 시위는 아직까지 반체제 성격을 가진 정치적 집단 시위는 아닌 것으로 분석됐다.

    정부 고위 관계자는 이날 “북한의 지방 곳곳에서 식량 배급 문제 등으로 주민들의 불만이 고조되면서 수명 또는 수십명 단위의 시위가 거의 매일 일어나는 것으로 파악하고 있다”ë©° “지방의 공권력과 일부 보안원(경찰) 등을 겨냥한 소요 사태는 김정일∙정은 체제를 흔들 만큼 집단적이고 조직적인 시위로는 확대되지 ì•Šê³  있다”ê³  말했다.

    [,…]

    대북 소식통도 “북한 곳곳에서 주민뿐 아니라 군인들이 식량난과 경제난을 이유로 산발적 시위를 벌이자 보안 당국이 바짝 긴장하고 있다”ë©´ì„œ “특히 중국과 국경을 맞대고 있는 평안북도와 함경북도 등에서 시위가 자주 발생하고 있다”ê³  말했다.

    Protests and unrest by the people and some soliders over the deteriorating food and energy situation in North Korea are increasing rapidly and take place almost every day.

    However, these protests are about living conditions and have not yet become mass demonstrations against the system.

    According to a high-ranking government official, “As the people’s dissatisfaction over food distribution and other problems in the outlying areas increases, we are seeing indications that protests comprised of groups of several or several dozen people take place every day….Unrest directed at regional authorities and some security forces have not expanded into mass organized demonstrations that have shaken the the Kim Jong-il/Jong-un system.

    […]

    A North Korean source said that “It’s not just citizens, but also soldiers. Everywhere in North Korea, sporadic protests over food and economic difficulties are spreading. The authorities are becoming tense. In particular, in the regions of North Pyeongan Province and North Hamkyeong Province that are on the border with China, protests occur frequently.

    The article misses the point when it suggests that the protests are about living conditions and not about the system; it’s always about the economy. People don’t give a &@%# about human rights and democracy. They care about putting food on the table. If the government is unable to respond to the people’s needs (and it isn’t), this will spread and it will challenge the system. It never becomes “about the system” until the very end. A Yonhap report from back in January on Libyan protestors storming a South Korean construction site also dismissed claims that the protests were “not anti-government” and thus nothing to worry about. Wrong.

    Of course, this is assuming that all of this is true. And if true, then the most significant thing of all is that the fear barrier has been broken. We saw indications of this in that video from a few months back depicting a North Korean woman chastising a police officer.

    Other reports suggest that phone services along the Sino-Korean border have been cut or restricted as news about events in the Middle East and Libya spread.

  9. Agreed, Milton. Furthermore, if the editor really did use Google translate, it would not look as it does, would it. It would be an awful mess.

    So, instead of having a wee jab at English editors and being wrong in the process, how about dealing with the problem, which is that it is hard to believe that three protests broke out simultaneously, and even harder to believe that anyone fashioned a megaphone out of a newspaper in a country where the, ahem, ‘newspaper of record’ is delivered in single copies to individual enterprises and government organs.

  10. hello Milton and Chris,

    My point about the use of “tens” is that the sentence is an almost direct word-for-word translation of the original Korean sentence. Of course I have no idea whether they were really generating stuff from Google Translate, but the translation of the sentence definitely looked like it probably could have used a few rounds of editing.

    I actually think that the story is generally plausible, even the part about rolling up a newspaper to use as a megaphone. I think the newspapers in North Korea (the Rodong Sinmun – worker’s daily) is distributed via enterprises and government organs, but I do not think just a single copy is delivered to such places. It probably is more like they will deliver bundles of papers to those sites and workers can pick up and take with them individual copies. It is after all the main propaganda arm of the Party.

    Also, there are stories of how people get into trouble for mishandling the images of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jung Il in the paper when they use newspaper scraps for household purposes. Anyone who has lived in a developing country will be familiar with the multiple uses newspaper scraps have for cleaning and stuffing into things. So I think newspapers are generally available to commoners in North Korea.

    Perhaps we will hear more from Rimjin Gang when its next issue comes out!